willieshogdust.com

Issued by PositiveSSL CA 2

About this certificate

This digital certificate with serial number ce:75:33:65:10:89:f6:9e:eb:61:0b:fd:4a:dd:b3:19 was issued on by COMODO CA Limited.

With 2 subject alternative names this certificate can be used to secure multiple fqdn's. This certificate has already expired and will cause a warning or error message in the browser it's still listed on this site to allow you to look back on previously issued certificates. If we have found any compliance issues with this certificate they will be shown below. I hope this certificate review is providing you the detailed information in a simple form you where looking for.


We have idenified some issues with this certificate:
  • Subscriber Certificate: commonName is deprecated. (BRs: 7.1.4.2.2)

Certificate Subject

CN=willieshogdust.com,OU=Domain Control Validated+OU=PositiveSSL

COMODO CA Limited

Organization: COMODO CA Limited
State / Province: Greater Manchester
Locality: Salford
Country: GB

This certificate has expire since

Certificate Details

Serial Number (hex): ce:75:33:65:10:89:f6:9e:eb:61:0b:fd:4a:dd:b3:19
Serial Number (int): 274429508274193992454741966475551945497
Serial Number lenght: 128 bits, 16 octets

SubjectKeyId: c8:92:ca:67:80:0b:24:31:94:a6:f2:21:d2:f8:51:1d:d7:d5:2d:f8
AuthorityKeyId: 99:e4:40:5f:6b:14:5e:3e:05:d9:dd:d3:63:54:fc:62:b8:f7:00:ac

Fingerprint (sha1): 96:50:25:ed:d0:fe:f5:55:00:6d:3a:f8:8d:c4:75:7a:7c:39:8e:5a
Fingerprint (sha256): 10:e0:06:a2:09:ea:60:e8:66:2e:fc:39:bc:02:53:6e:08:fb:93:11:af:aa:f8:41:77:6c:96:56:54:6b:c8:85

Issuing Certificate URL: http://crt.comodoca.com/PositiveSSLCA2.crt

Revocation information

OCSP Server: http://ocsp.comodoca.com
CRL Distribution Point: http://crl.comodoca.com/PositiveSSLCA2.crl

Check the revocation status for certificate willieshogdust.com

2

DNS Names

0

Email Addresses

0

IP Addresses

Advanced Certificate Properties

Tehnical certificate details for willieshogdust.com

Public Key Algorithm

RSA

Key Size

2048

Signature Algorithm

SHA1 with RSA

Key Usage

Digital Signature
Key Encipherment

Extended Key Usages

Server Authentication
Client Authentication

Extensions

9 extensions
No unhandled critical extensions

CA Certificate

This is not a CA certificate

Subject Alternative Names

willieshogdust.com
www.willieshogdust.com

Other certificates including the domain name willieshogdust.com

(limited to 100 certificates)
willieshogdust.com
willieshogdust.com
willieshogdust.com
willieshogdust.com
willieshogdust.com
willieshogdust.com
willieshogdust.com
willieshogdust.com
willieshogdust.com
willieshogdust.com
willieshogdust.com

Certificate

The complete raw certificate details for willieshogdust.com in PEM and ASN.1 format.

Certificate (PEM)

-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----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=
-----END CERTIFICATE-----

Public Key (PEM)

-----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----
MIIBIjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAAOCAQ8AMIIBCgKCAQEAxJ6V27bcoFHZrhAegdl2
LI33YNOLnDjCA6tFEp3Km4Luy7m6rzhcFCWiXuy9joqa5iPx2zoeXPHIZ7hHcPMD
qU/Fhvhi/9Qi/8WEz2rITL1wfxL4HWNm6DeaszuUlab172wtfzNkuqmvGWiZkw7O
5wihktoxrlDkgJrA6YZCOLc3ReSw0ci6z+ACTQp5uYoYF1n/2SDRqbdbQbOmgR9E
44h55j191g8aXg3uTW8Lk9FG9lMCiKlQ6gP0AUQRIj4AUAoFqm5DsBR5ucspjSQE
08ykh7VV12wl3AXX1OAVB3XpWe79sZ/r2W3B4HdLLmT6K98kWnUzTTipjcp52h11
aQIDAQAB
-----END PUBLIC KEY-----

ASN.1 decoded

 [c:0|t:16|true] SEQUENCE, SEQUENCE OF 
 . . . . [c:0|t:16|true] SEQUENCE, SEQUENCE OF 
 . . . . . . . . [c:2|t:0|true] OtherName 
 . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:2|false] INTEGER 2
 . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:2|false] INTEGER 274429508274193992454741966475551945497
 . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:16|true] SEQUENCE, SEQUENCE OF 
 . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:6|false] OBJECT IDENTIFIER 1.2.840.113549.1.1.5 (sha1WithRSAEncryption)
 . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:5|false] NULL 
 . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:16|true] SEQUENCE, SEQUENCE OF 
 . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:17|true] SET, SET OF 
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:16|true] SEQUENCE, SEQUENCE OF 
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:6|false] OBJECT IDENTIFIER 2.5.4.6 (countryName)
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:19|false] PrintableString 'GB'
 . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:17|true] SET, SET OF 
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:16|true] SEQUENCE, SEQUENCE OF 
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:6|false] OBJECT IDENTIFIER 2.5.4.8 (stateOrProvinceName)
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:19|false] PrintableString 'Greater Manchester'
 . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:17|true] SET, SET OF 
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:16|true] SEQUENCE, SEQUENCE OF 
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:6|false] OBJECT IDENTIFIER 2.5.4.7 (localityName)
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:19|false] PrintableString 'Salford'
 . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:17|true] SET, SET OF 
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:16|true] SEQUENCE, SEQUENCE OF 
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:6|false] OBJECT IDENTIFIER 2.5.4.10 (organizationName)
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:19|false] PrintableString 'COMODO CA Limited'
 . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:17|true] SET, SET OF 
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:16|true] SEQUENCE, SEQUENCE OF 
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:6|false] OBJECT IDENTIFIER 2.5.4.3 (commonName)
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:19|false] PrintableString 'PositiveSSL CA 2'
 . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:16|true] SEQUENCE, SEQUENCE OF 
 . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:23|false] UTCTime 2013-10-01 00:00:00 +0000 UTC
 . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:23|false] UTCTime 2014-10-01 23:59:59 +0000 UTC
 . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:16|true] SEQUENCE, SEQUENCE OF 
 . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:17|true] SET, SET OF 
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:16|true] SEQUENCE, SEQUENCE OF 
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:6|false] OBJECT IDENTIFIER 2.5.4.11 (organizationalUnitName)
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:19|false] PrintableString 'Domain Control Validated'
 . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:17|true] SET, SET OF 
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:16|true] SEQUENCE, SEQUENCE OF 
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:6|false] OBJECT IDENTIFIER 2.5.4.11 (organizationalUnitName)
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:19|false] PrintableString 'PositiveSSL'
 . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:17|true] SET, SET OF 
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:16|true] SEQUENCE, SEQUENCE OF 
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:6|false] OBJECT IDENTIFIER 2.5.4.3 (commonName)
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:19|false] PrintableString 'willieshogdust.com'
 . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:16|true] SEQUENCE, SEQUENCE OF 
 . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:16|true] SEQUENCE, SEQUENCE OF 
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:6|false] OBJECT IDENTIFIER 1.2.840.113549.1.1.1 (rsaEncryption)
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:5|false] NULL 
 . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:3|false] BIT STRING (2160 bits)
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:16|true] SEQUENCE, SEQUENCE OF 
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:2|false] INTEGER 24820909140716088269706427460632135464670013400940599963460678177906906267382900103865852742250615663361039283341648239073738741410571194890813267477818460268281514760135745916774769118093518079491531723279480938593051606088851138996616125695572731345832710954758990837811418660778342322365405846449997760049506220306172321440299769325434377778880065950383869672847036713495940319847222199181196471622870431581113715637558326601266535351464724946650806586524225361542028983244460473471394031851119442405119744003362399748397714124826137005857243830801109160550988085757856797574318431542357370219561166744747369133417
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:2|false] INTEGER 65537

 . . . . . . . . [c:2|t:3|true] ORAddress 
 . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:16|true] SEQUENCE, SEQUENCE OF 
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:16|true] SEQUENCE, SEQUENCE OF 
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:6|false] OBJECT IDENTIFIER 2.5.29.35 (authorityKeyIdentifier)
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:4|false] OCTET STRING (24 bytes)
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:16|true] SEQUENCE, SEQUENCE OF 
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:2|t:0|false] OtherName 99e4405f6b145e3e05d9ddd36354fc62b8f700ac
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:16|true] SEQUENCE, SEQUENCE OF 
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:6|false] OBJECT IDENTIFIER 2.5.29.14 (subjectKeyIdentifier)
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:4|false] OCTET STRING (22 bytes)
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:4|false] OCTET STRING (20 bytes)
							c892ca67800b243194a6f221d2f8511dd7d52df8
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:16|true] SEQUENCE, SEQUENCE OF 
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:6|false] OBJECT IDENTIFIER 2.5.29.15 (keyUsage)
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:1|false] BOOLEAN true
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:4|false] OCTET STRING (4 bytes)
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:3|false] BIT STRING (3 bits)
							05a0
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:16|true] SEQUENCE, SEQUENCE OF 
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:6|false] OBJECT IDENTIFIER 2.5.29.19 (basicConstraints)
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:1|false] BOOLEAN true
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:4|false] OCTET STRING (2 bytes)
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:16|true] SEQUENCE, SEQUENCE OF 
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:16|true] SEQUENCE, SEQUENCE OF 
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:6|false] OBJECT IDENTIFIER 2.5.29.37 (extKeyUsage)
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:4|false] OCTET STRING (22 bytes)
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:16|true] SEQUENCE, SEQUENCE OF 
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:6|false] OBJECT IDENTIFIER 1.3.6.1.5.5.7.3.1 (serverAuth)
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:6|false] OBJECT IDENTIFIER 1.3.6.1.5.5.7.3.2 (clientAuth)
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:16|true] SEQUENCE, SEQUENCE OF 
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:6|false] OBJECT IDENTIFIER 2.5.29.32 (certificatePolicies)
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:4|false] OCTET STRING (73 bytes)
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:16|true] SEQUENCE, SEQUENCE OF 
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:16|true] SEQUENCE, SEQUENCE OF 
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:6|false] OBJECT IDENTIFIER 1.3.6.1.4.1.6449.1.2.2.7
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:16|true] SEQUENCE, SEQUENCE OF 
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:16|true] SEQUENCE, SEQUENCE OF 
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:6|false] OBJECT IDENTIFIER 1.3.6.1.5.5.7.2.1 (cps)
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:22|false] IA5String 'http://www.positivessl.com/CPS'
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:16|true] SEQUENCE, SEQUENCE OF 
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:6|false] OBJECT IDENTIFIER 2.23.140.1.2.1 (Domain Validation Certificates Policy)
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:16|true] SEQUENCE, SEQUENCE OF 
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:6|false] OBJECT IDENTIFIER 2.5.29.31 (cRLDistributionPoints)
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:4|false] OCTET STRING (52 bytes)
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:16|true] SEQUENCE, SEQUENCE OF 
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:16|true] SEQUENCE, SEQUENCE OF 
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:2|t:0|true] OtherName 
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:2|t:0|true] OtherName 
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:2|t:6|false] IA5String 'http://crl.comodoca.com/PositiveSSLCA2.crl'
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:16|true] SEQUENCE, SEQUENCE OF 
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:6|false] OBJECT IDENTIFIER 1.3.6.1.5.5.7.1.1 (authorityInfoAccess)
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:4|false] OCTET STRING (96 bytes)
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:16|true] SEQUENCE, SEQUENCE OF 
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:16|true] SEQUENCE, SEQUENCE OF 
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:6|false] OBJECT IDENTIFIER 1.3.6.1.5.5.7.48.2 (caIssuers)
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:2|t:6|false] IA5String 'http://crt.comodoca.com/PositiveSSLCA2.crt'
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:16|true] SEQUENCE, SEQUENCE OF 
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:6|false] OBJECT IDENTIFIER 1.3.6.1.5.5.7.48.1 (ocsp)
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:2|t:6|false] IA5String 'http://ocsp.comodoca.com'
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:16|true] SEQUENCE, SEQUENCE OF 
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:6|false] OBJECT IDENTIFIER 2.5.29.17 (subjectAltName)
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:4|false] OCTET STRING (46 bytes)
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:16|true] SEQUENCE, SEQUENCE OF 
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:2|t:2|false] IA5String 'willieshogdust.com'
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:2|t:2|false] IA5String 'www.willieshogdust.com'
 . . . . [c:0|t:16|true] SEQUENCE, SEQUENCE OF 
 . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:6|false] OBJECT IDENTIFIER 1.2.840.113549.1.1.5 (sha1WithRSAEncryption)
 . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:5|false] NULL 
 . . . . [c:0|t:3|false] BIT STRING (2048 bits)
		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