www.touchwoodtrees.com.au

Issued by Let's Encrypt Authority X3

About this certificate

This digital certificate with serial number 03:82:63:5d:c8:6f:67:aa:59:a1:ff:df:4f:c5:c7:2a:ad:8c was issued on by Let's Encrypt.

With 3 subject alternative names this certificate can be used to secure multiple fqdn's. This certificate has already expired and will cause a warning or error message in the browser it's still listed on this site to allow you to look back on previously issued certificates. If we have found any compliance issues with this certificate they will be shown below. I hope this certificate review is providing you the detailed information in a simple form you where looking for.


We have idenified some issues with this certificate:
  • Subscriber Certificate: commonName is deprecated. (BRs: 7.1.4.2.2)

Certificate Subject

CN=www.touchwoodtrees.com.au

Let's Encrypt

Organization: Let's Encrypt
Country: US

This certificate has expire since

Certificate Details

Serial Number (hex): 03:82:63:5d:c8:6f:67:aa:59:a1:ff:df:4f:c5:c7:2a:ad:8c
Serial Number (int): 305705646015501620266594667314602222202252
Serial Number lenght: 138 bits, 18 octets

SubjectKeyId: c1:be:28:3c:32:22:cc:a8:f2:af:4e:62:d7:09:2b:3e:60:a9:fe:4f
AuthorityKeyId: a8:4a:6a:63:04:7d:dd:ba:e6:d1:39:b7:a6:45:65:ef:f3:a8:ec:a1

Fingerprint (sha1): 8d:bd:ac:4f:d2:5d:29:1e:23:21:45:40:c4:db:31:12:93:bc:e9:55
Fingerprint (sha256): 44:a2:20:d7:25:59:c8:c0:2d:06:a0:b7:29:9b:92:1b:0d:bb:63:0e:d9:22:e0:0f:86:09:2f:c7:94:bb:0c:2f

Issuing Certificate URL: http://cert.int-x3.letsencrypt.org/

Revocation information

OCSP Server: http://ocsp.int-x3.letsencrypt.org

Check the revocation status for certificate www.touchwoodtrees.com.au

3

DNS Names

0

Email Addresses

0

IP Addresses

Advanced Certificate Properties

Tehnical certificate details for www.touchwoodtrees.com.au

Public Key Algorithm

RSA

Key Size

2048

Signature Algorithm

SHA256 with RSA

Key Usage

Digital Signature
Key Encipherment

Extended Key Usages

Server Authentication
Client Authentication

Extensions

9 extensions
No unhandled critical extensions

CA Certificate

This is not a CA certificate

Subject Alternative Names

touchwoodtrees.com.au
touchwoodtrees.thrivex.io
www.touchwoodtrees.com.au

Other certificates including the domain name touchwoodtrees.com.au

(limited to 100 certificates)
www.touchwoodtrees.com.au
www.touchwoodtrees.com.au
www.touchwoodtrees.com.au
www.touchwoodtrees.com.au
www.touchwoodtrees.com.au
www.touchwoodtrees.com.au
tls.automattic.com
www.touchwoodtrees.com.au
www.touchwoodtrees.com.au
www.touchwoodtrees.com.au
www.touchwoodtrees.com.au
www.touchwoodtrees.com.au
www.touchwoodtrees.com.au
www.touchwoodtrees.com.au
www.touchwoodtrees.com.au
www.touchwoodtrees.com.au
www.touchwoodtrees.com.au
www.touchwoodtrees.com.au
www.touchwoodtrees.com.au
www.touchwoodtrees.com.au
www.touchwoodtrees.com.au
www.touchwoodtrees.com.au
www.touchwoodtrees.com.au
www.touchwoodtrees.com.au
www.touchwoodtrees.com.au
www.touchwoodtrees.com.au
www.touchwoodtrees.com.au
www.touchwoodtrees.com.au
www.touchwoodtrees.com.au
www.touchwoodtrees.com.au
www.touchwoodtrees.com.au
www.touchwoodtrees.com.au
www.touchwoodtrees.com.au
www.touchwoodtrees.com.au
www.touchwoodtrees.com.au
www.touchwoodtrees.com.au
tls.automattic.com
www.touchwoodtrees.com.au
www.touchwoodtrees.com.au
www.touchwoodtrees.com.au

Certificate

The complete raw certificate details for www.touchwoodtrees.com.au in PEM and ASN.1 format.

Certificate (PEM)

-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----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-----END CERTIFICATE-----

Public Key (PEM)

-----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----
MIIBIjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAAOCAQ8AMIIBCgKCAQEA8Jend8p1mduyafjhDAhY
/TXYoyuG0J/JAoT0X8aKJntRU5brCrB+h1hPNZ/f6OZbImiILFo/kxWwRhYjVq/w
PfS6BuQFarizgbQtGCACAF7z9Im9w6+oIEBI0SeaohRBkVvutfpHd7MwvLK89URM
YYNSJml2Zj6b7kAij6bukh90/k4Xbzh1V+kTHrWw1D/QeOYl5AIPljbYgagtw58L
RRYOx2Dxjgl7ImkwXBeFpFQJVmLS0HNuOTnB61iIVpzScRZl++r6aoFG0eMaYxAr
oQ8DR9q2H7VCSwpptKntpOmSnC/KYspzV9wgvlJ52R+yS7o41CDa785M/X/qtH9b
eQIDAQAB
-----END PUBLIC KEY-----

ASN.1 decoded

 [c:0|t:16|true] SEQUENCE, SEQUENCE OF 
 . . . . [c:0|t:16|true] SEQUENCE, SEQUENCE OF 
 . . . . . . . . [c:2|t:0|true] OtherName 
 . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:2|false] INTEGER 2
 . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:2|false] INTEGER 305705646015501620266594667314602222202252
 . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:16|true] SEQUENCE, SEQUENCE OF 
 . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:6|false] OBJECT IDENTIFIER 1.2.840.113549.1.1.11 (sha256WithRSAEncryption)
 . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:5|false] NULL 
 . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:16|true] SEQUENCE, SEQUENCE OF 
 . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:17|true] SET, SET OF 
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:16|true] SEQUENCE, SEQUENCE OF 
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:6|false] OBJECT IDENTIFIER 2.5.4.6 (countryName)
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:19|false] PrintableString 'US'
 . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:17|true] SET, SET OF 
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:16|true] SEQUENCE, SEQUENCE OF 
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:6|false] OBJECT IDENTIFIER 2.5.4.10 (organizationName)
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:19|false] PrintableString 'Let's Encrypt'
 . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:17|true] SET, SET OF 
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:16|true] SEQUENCE, SEQUENCE OF 
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:6|false] OBJECT IDENTIFIER 2.5.4.3 (commonName)
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:19|false] PrintableString 'Let's Encrypt Authority X3'
 . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:16|true] SEQUENCE, SEQUENCE OF 
 . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:23|false] UTCTime 2020-04-09 02:40:09 +0000 UTC
 . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:23|false] UTCTime 2020-07-08 02:40:09 +0000 UTC
 . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:16|true] SEQUENCE, SEQUENCE OF 
 . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:17|true] SET, SET OF 
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:16|true] SEQUENCE, SEQUENCE OF 
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:6|false] OBJECT IDENTIFIER 2.5.4.3 (commonName)
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:19|false] PrintableString 'www.touchwoodtrees.com.au'
 . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:16|true] SEQUENCE, SEQUENCE OF 
 . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:16|true] SEQUENCE, SEQUENCE OF 
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:6|false] OBJECT IDENTIFIER 1.2.840.113549.1.1.1 (rsaEncryption)
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:5|false] NULL 
 . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:3|false] BIT STRING (2160 bits)
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:16|true] SEQUENCE, SEQUENCE OF 
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:2|false] INTEGER 30371976651094341324447877127058438408005666728910520649184843279674746012338728686288217829854353561276187373652824684568577826459312733068225866604217100057210385864048123461070077524682197256122716706225379403031697985281231762905745374118305017572466699291161451247106748973006572668785585070241082931067285932513869080364296462421948104657833835352172233894580879811005893188504515737328271682419723655562720916284656975057437067087361351267518800325285575029848853046050198603405842133514273517019052649381244959900687842371119115214962458199622651949809977005626615462368738742381608355553438190023311362055033
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:2|false] INTEGER 65537

 . . . . . . . . [c:2|t:3|true] ORAddress 
 . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:16|true] SEQUENCE, SEQUENCE OF 
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:16|true] SEQUENCE, SEQUENCE OF 
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:6|false] OBJECT IDENTIFIER 2.5.29.15 (keyUsage)
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:1|false] BOOLEAN true
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:4|false] OCTET STRING (4 bytes)
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:3|false] BIT STRING (3 bits)
							05a0
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:16|true] SEQUENCE, SEQUENCE OF 
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:6|false] OBJECT IDENTIFIER 2.5.29.37 (extKeyUsage)
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:4|false] OCTET STRING (22 bytes)
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:16|true] SEQUENCE, SEQUENCE OF 
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:6|false] OBJECT IDENTIFIER 1.3.6.1.5.5.7.3.1 (serverAuth)
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:6|false] OBJECT IDENTIFIER 1.3.6.1.5.5.7.3.2 (clientAuth)
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:16|true] SEQUENCE, SEQUENCE OF 
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:6|false] OBJECT IDENTIFIER 2.5.29.19 (basicConstraints)
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:1|false] BOOLEAN true
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:4|false] OCTET STRING (2 bytes)
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:16|true] SEQUENCE, SEQUENCE OF 
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:16|true] SEQUENCE, SEQUENCE OF 
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:6|false] OBJECT IDENTIFIER 2.5.29.14 (subjectKeyIdentifier)
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:4|false] OCTET STRING (22 bytes)
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:4|false] OCTET STRING (20 bytes)
							c1be283c3222cca8f2af4e62d7092b3e60a9fe4f
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:16|true] SEQUENCE, SEQUENCE OF 
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:6|false] OBJECT IDENTIFIER 2.5.29.35 (authorityKeyIdentifier)
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:4|false] OCTET STRING (24 bytes)
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:16|true] SEQUENCE, SEQUENCE OF 
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:2|t:0|false] OtherName a84a6a63047dddbae6d139b7a64565eff3a8eca1
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:16|true] SEQUENCE, SEQUENCE OF 
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:6|false] OBJECT IDENTIFIER 1.3.6.1.5.5.7.1.1 (authorityInfoAccess)
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:4|false] OCTET STRING (99 bytes)
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:16|true] SEQUENCE, SEQUENCE OF 
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:16|true] SEQUENCE, SEQUENCE OF 
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:6|false] OBJECT IDENTIFIER 1.3.6.1.5.5.7.48.1 (ocsp)
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:2|t:6|false] IA5String 'http://ocsp.int-x3.letsencrypt.org'
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:16|true] SEQUENCE, SEQUENCE OF 
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:6|false] OBJECT IDENTIFIER 1.3.6.1.5.5.7.48.2 (caIssuers)
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:2|t:6|false] IA5String 'http://cert.int-x3.letsencrypt.org/'
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:16|true] SEQUENCE, SEQUENCE OF 
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:6|false] OBJECT IDENTIFIER 2.5.29.17 (subjectAltName)
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:4|false] OCTET STRING (79 bytes)
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:16|true] SEQUENCE, SEQUENCE OF 
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:2|t:2|false] IA5String 'touchwoodtrees.com.au'
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:2|t:2|false] IA5String 'touchwoodtrees.thrivex.io'
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:2|t:2|false] IA5String 'www.touchwoodtrees.com.au'
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:16|true] SEQUENCE, SEQUENCE OF 
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:6|false] OBJECT IDENTIFIER 2.5.29.32 (certificatePolicies)
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:4|false] OCTET STRING (69 bytes)
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:16|true] SEQUENCE, SEQUENCE OF 
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:16|true] SEQUENCE, SEQUENCE OF 
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:6|false] OBJECT IDENTIFIER 2.23.140.1.2.1 (Domain Validation Certificates Policy)
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:16|true] SEQUENCE, SEQUENCE OF 
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:6|false] OBJECT IDENTIFIER 1.3.6.1.4.1.44947.1.1.1
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:16|true] SEQUENCE, SEQUENCE OF 
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:16|true] SEQUENCE, SEQUENCE OF 
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:6|false] OBJECT IDENTIFIER 1.3.6.1.5.5.7.2.1 (cps)
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:22|false] IA5String 'http://cps.letsencrypt.org'
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:16|true] SEQUENCE, SEQUENCE OF 
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:6|false] OBJECT IDENTIFIER 1.3.6.1.4.1.11129.2.4.2
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:4|false] OCTET STRING (247 bytes)
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:4|false] OCTET STRING (244 bytes)
							00f20077005ea773f9df56c0e7b536487dd049e0327a919a0c84a112128418759681714558000001715d060ce00000040300483046022100a1467c4e1056ffc9e6c8306cb9b55eeda192c23a601e12b5919fc854de0f3384022100a78ea981c31036035464a8fcfd176b5aec27151df6cad7cdd0d21e2280e5c59200770007b75c1be57d68fff1b0c61d2315c7bae6577c5794b76aeebc613a1a69d3a21c000001715d060d250000040300483046022100a6b0088b96cf037fe5f5d8f7c5ab666199d009b1a187235b71c2c536d2c015e8022100f13545430aef09da6858565090751cdfd4a4e376b20d003c6d08d2cf47dc6abc
 . . . . [c:0|t:16|true] SEQUENCE, SEQUENCE OF 
 . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:6|false] OBJECT IDENTIFIER 1.2.840.113549.1.1.11 (sha256WithRSAEncryption)
 . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:5|false] NULL 
 . . . . [c:0|t:3|false] BIT STRING (2048 bits)
		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