arcataafterschool.org

Issued by UbiquiTLS™ DV RSA Server CA

About this certificate

This digital certificate with serial number 28:fb:ec:92:fa:70:f7:c4:ad:58:d7:aa:9a:eb:b5:bf was issued on by COMODO CA Limited.

With 2 subject alternative names this certificate can be used to secure multiple fqdn's. This certificate has already expired and will cause a warning or error message in the browser it's still listed on this site to allow you to look back on previously issued certificates. If we have found any compliance issues with this certificate they will be shown below. I hope this certificate review is providing you the detailed information in a simple form you where looking for.


We have idenified some issues with this certificate:
  • Subscriber Certificate: commonName is deprecated. (BRs: 7.1.4.2.2)

Certificate Subject

CN=arcataafterschool.org

COMODO CA Limited

Organization: COMODO CA Limited
State / Province: Greater Manchester
Locality: Salford
Country: GB

This certificate has expire since

Certificate Details

Serial Number (hex): 28:fb:ec:92:fa:70:f7:c4:ad:58:d7:aa:9a:eb:b5:bf
Serial Number (int): 54477184636374887727433960791026152895
Serial Number lenght: 126 bits, 16 octets

SubjectKeyId: 1b:55:a7:72:48:76:81:5f:b3:8c:06:6f:12:2b:f1:69:b1:67:77:d4
AuthorityKeyId: 38:12:c6:79:02:66:38:02:e3:37:24:e5:8b:0f:ff:45:95:69:e6:31

Fingerprint (sha1): f8:92:9c:dc:f1:5a:9e:95:b2:cb:46:90:ca:5e:a3:b2:c8:0b:a4:25
Fingerprint (sha256): 47:52:c8:a1:1a:dd:3e:21:43:57:8a:94:1a:f9:c5:cd:1d:2d:af:50:51:02:c7:4a:d4:ac:90:cf:90:c6:73:98

Issuing Certificate URL: http://crt.comodoca.com/UbiquiTLSDVRSAServerCA.crt

Revocation information

OCSP Server: http://ocsp.comodoca.com

Check the revocation status for certificate arcataafterschool.org

2

DNS Names

0

Email Addresses

0

IP Addresses

Advanced Certificate Properties

Tehnical certificate details for arcataafterschool.org

Public Key Algorithm

RSA

Key Size

2048

Signature Algorithm

SHA256 with RSA

Key Usage

Digital Signature
Key Encipherment

Extended Key Usages

Server Authentication
Client Authentication

Extensions

9 extensions
No unhandled critical extensions

CA Certificate

This is not a CA certificate

Subject Alternative Names

arcataafterschool.org
www.arcataafterschool.org

Other certificates including the domain name arcataafterschool.org

(limited to 100 certificates)
admin.arcataafterschool.org
arcataafterschool.org
chs.somerset.k12.md.us
arcataafterschool.org
arcataafterschool.org
cristoreytc.org
cte.nsd131.org
admin.hahntownschool.norwinsd.org
arcataafterschool.org
arcataafterschool.org
admin.arcataafterschool.org
admin.arcataafterschool.org
jmspr.org
admin.arcataafterschool.org
arcataafterschool.org
arcataafterschool.org
admin.arcataafterschool.org
beavercreek.k12.oh.us
admin.arcataafterschool.org
arcataafterschool.org
admin.josefita.org
admin.arcataafterschool.org
scths.somerset.k12.md.us

Certificate

The complete raw certificate details for arcataafterschool.org in PEM and ASN.1 format.

Certificate (PEM)

-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----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-----END CERTIFICATE-----

Public Key (PEM)

-----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----
MIIBIjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAAOCAQ8AMIIBCgKCAQEAvVu4CE0u1YPWS1QZrvfU
Ew+q60RIHPJrTHpPiX6AadQM7JqkPXf7BdMjpMpb7FDndKaJXGokv0L2yi41Rean
1UInQWbyme0TK42b1CMtpPCgFvkoTXWK8vnplHecMrKauVM3KeWSM90E0/2PAq0a
wHCf81/1qSa4Cebh5888HBydl1kimeXzhz1wEUTCUqxzBx3u2bSGzIIfdZdrHsi1
daaxaFsGHStQ3ZPWO4LXkPnOWqODZg7sQSMNv2UyrQXOeSh6LE4Zf6V2VQUME2J0
AeomSXR622WhVweRLQPPN9Q1gmazKKjsfFGAg6OsTwxivVe1OZYALtyA+ELJGySa
XQIDAQAB
-----END PUBLIC KEY-----

ASN.1 decoded

 [c:0|t:16|true] SEQUENCE, SEQUENCE OF 
 . . . . [c:0|t:16|true] SEQUENCE, SEQUENCE OF 
 . . . . . . . . [c:2|t:0|true] OtherName 
 . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:2|false] INTEGER 2
 . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:2|false] INTEGER 54477184636374887727433960791026152895
 . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:16|true] SEQUENCE, SEQUENCE OF 
 . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:6|false] OBJECT IDENTIFIER 1.2.840.113549.1.1.11 (sha256WithRSAEncryption)
 . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:5|false] NULL 
 . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:16|true] SEQUENCE, SEQUENCE OF 
 . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:17|true] SET, SET OF 
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:16|true] SEQUENCE, SEQUENCE OF 
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:6|false] OBJECT IDENTIFIER 2.5.4.6 (countryName)
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:19|false] PrintableString 'GB'
 . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:17|true] SET, SET OF 
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:16|true] SEQUENCE, SEQUENCE OF 
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:6|false] OBJECT IDENTIFIER 2.5.4.8 (stateOrProvinceName)
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:19|false] PrintableString 'Greater Manchester'
 . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:17|true] SET, SET OF 
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:16|true] SEQUENCE, SEQUENCE OF 
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:6|false] OBJECT IDENTIFIER 2.5.4.7 (localityName)
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:19|false] PrintableString 'Salford'
 . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:17|true] SET, SET OF 
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:16|true] SEQUENCE, SEQUENCE OF 
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:6|false] OBJECT IDENTIFIER 2.5.4.10 (organizationName)
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:19|false] PrintableString 'COMODO CA Limited'
 . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:17|true] SET, SET OF 
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:16|true] SEQUENCE, SEQUENCE OF 
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:6|false] OBJECT IDENTIFIER 2.5.4.3 (commonName)
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:12|false] UTF8String 'UbiquiTLS™ DV RSA Server CA'
 . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:16|true] SEQUENCE, SEQUENCE OF 
 . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:23|false] UTCTime 2017-12-09 00:00:00 +0000 UTC
 . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:23|false] UTCTime 2018-03-09 23:59:59 +0000 UTC
 . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:16|true] SEQUENCE, SEQUENCE OF 
 . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:17|true] SET, SET OF 
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:16|true] SEQUENCE, SEQUENCE OF 
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:6|false] OBJECT IDENTIFIER 2.5.4.3 (commonName)
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:19|false] PrintableString 'arcataafterschool.org'
 . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:16|true] SEQUENCE, SEQUENCE OF 
 . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:16|true] SEQUENCE, SEQUENCE OF 
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:6|false] OBJECT IDENTIFIER 1.2.840.113549.1.1.1 (rsaEncryption)
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:5|false] NULL 
 . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:3|false] BIT STRING (2160 bits)
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:16|true] SEQUENCE, SEQUENCE OF 
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:2|false] INTEGER 23904267902351913815553359160315005668711276732267624189642988701864725555422811667124308051061034361800609069905569137199696115742133289210734815313327556295799471733465987358207826456388574299240504374592312064544173376404880307376257067325215694592751732805686075064853460659014457740149657096622136917330551872008067006784803439283013616431986997920860436535538580905822699899302185201872517850567909607677387808793144422923262737824905856976958456653579581598222900629182214694849696865995486423986044763227010966426629086730339670153245912415624036428288038277099162383065802235883001223062328017521447149017693
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:2|false] INTEGER 65537

 . . . . . . . . [c:2|t:3|true] ORAddress 
 . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:16|true] SEQUENCE, SEQUENCE OF 
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:16|true] SEQUENCE, SEQUENCE OF 
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:6|false] OBJECT IDENTIFIER 2.5.29.35 (authorityKeyIdentifier)
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:4|false] OCTET STRING (24 bytes)
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:16|true] SEQUENCE, SEQUENCE OF 
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:2|t:0|false] OtherName 3812c67902663802e33724e58b0fff459569e631
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:16|true] SEQUENCE, SEQUENCE OF 
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:6|false] OBJECT IDENTIFIER 2.5.29.14 (subjectKeyIdentifier)
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:4|false] OCTET STRING (22 bytes)
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:4|false] OCTET STRING (20 bytes)
							1b55a7724876815fb38c066f122bf169b16777d4
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:16|true] SEQUENCE, SEQUENCE OF 
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:6|false] OBJECT IDENTIFIER 2.5.29.15 (keyUsage)
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:1|false] BOOLEAN true
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:4|false] OCTET STRING (4 bytes)
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:3|false] BIT STRING (3 bits)
							05a0
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:16|true] SEQUENCE, SEQUENCE OF 
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:6|false] OBJECT IDENTIFIER 2.5.29.19 (basicConstraints)
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:1|false] BOOLEAN true
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:4|false] OCTET STRING (2 bytes)
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:16|true] SEQUENCE, SEQUENCE OF 
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:16|true] SEQUENCE, SEQUENCE OF 
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:6|false] OBJECT IDENTIFIER 2.5.29.37 (extKeyUsage)
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:4|false] OCTET STRING (22 bytes)
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:16|true] SEQUENCE, SEQUENCE OF 
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:6|false] OBJECT IDENTIFIER 1.3.6.1.5.5.7.3.1 (serverAuth)
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:6|false] OBJECT IDENTIFIER 1.3.6.1.5.5.7.3.2 (clientAuth)
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:16|true] SEQUENCE, SEQUENCE OF 
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:6|false] OBJECT IDENTIFIER 2.5.29.32 (certificatePolicies)
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:4|false] OCTET STRING (73 bytes)
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:16|true] SEQUENCE, SEQUENCE OF 
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:16|true] SEQUENCE, SEQUENCE OF 
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:6|false] OBJECT IDENTIFIER 1.3.6.1.4.1.6449.1.2.1.3.4
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:16|true] SEQUENCE, SEQUENCE OF 
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:16|true] SEQUENCE, SEQUENCE OF 
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:6|false] OBJECT IDENTIFIER 1.3.6.1.5.5.7.2.1 (cps)
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:22|false] IA5String 'https://secure.comodo.net/CPS'
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:16|true] SEQUENCE, SEQUENCE OF 
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:6|false] OBJECT IDENTIFIER 2.23.140.1.2.1 (Domain Validation Certificates Policy)
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:16|true] SEQUENCE, SEQUENCE OF 
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:6|false] OBJECT IDENTIFIER 1.3.6.1.5.5.7.1.1 (authorityInfoAccess)
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:4|false] OCTET STRING (104 bytes)
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:16|true] SEQUENCE, SEQUENCE OF 
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:16|true] SEQUENCE, SEQUENCE OF 
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:6|false] OBJECT IDENTIFIER 1.3.6.1.5.5.7.48.2 (caIssuers)
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:2|t:6|false] IA5String 'http://crt.comodoca.com/UbiquiTLSDVRSAServerCA.crt'
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:16|true] SEQUENCE, SEQUENCE OF 
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:6|false] OBJECT IDENTIFIER 1.3.6.1.5.5.7.48.1 (ocsp)
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:2|t:6|false] IA5String 'http://ocsp.comodoca.com'
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:16|true] SEQUENCE, SEQUENCE OF 
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:6|false] OBJECT IDENTIFIER 2.5.29.17 (subjectAltName)
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:4|false] OCTET STRING (52 bytes)
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:16|true] SEQUENCE, SEQUENCE OF 
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:2|t:2|false] IA5String 'arcataafterschool.org'
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:2|t:2|false] IA5String 'www.arcataafterschool.org'
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:16|true] SEQUENCE, SEQUENCE OF 
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:6|false] OBJECT IDENTIFIER 1.3.6.1.4.1.11129.2.4.2
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:4|false] OCTET STRING (245 bytes)
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:4|false] OCTET STRING (242 bytes)
							00f0007500a4b90990b418581487bb13a2cc67700a3c359804f91bdfb8e377cd0ec80ddc100000016039081097000004030046304402204131bdc5f3254711c7025d76a06736dd753ea5f273609ed8bba05291e5685c1a0220287c79c2f47316227ebd2265020df3256a1224e7d8283024d0496ec35a1af3f70077005614069a2fd7c2ecd3f5e1bd44b23ec74676b9bc99115cc0ef949855d689d0dd0000016039080e8e0000040300483046022100ec4911f74402cd465593123a7a3c1ad58f9166719400d43013310c3bee9639a3022100a80fa5f46962b6d83e7e572dbd05ceec2ce4b76cd24f07c8a27803a362f8ec47
 . . . . [c:0|t:16|true] SEQUENCE, SEQUENCE OF 
 . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:6|false] OBJECT IDENTIFIER 1.2.840.113549.1.1.11 (sha256WithRSAEncryption)
 . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:5|false] NULL 
 . . . . [c:0|t:3|false] BIT STRING (2048 bits)
		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