verduregrigliate.com

Issued by Let's Encrypt Authority X3

About this certificate

This digital certificate with serial number 04:d6:86:3d:ae:f7:cc:91:28:c6:6b:78:ce:85:97:15:f9:d9 was issued on by Let's Encrypt.

This certificate has already expired and will cause a warning or error message in the browser it's still listed on this site to allow you to look back on previously issued certificates. If we have found any compliance issues with this certificate they will be shown below. I hope this certificate review is providing you the detailed information in a simple form you where looking for.


We have idenified some issues with this certificate:
  • Subscriber Certificate: commonName is deprecated. (BRs: 7.1.4.2.2)

Certificate Subject

CN=verduregrigliate.com

Let's Encrypt

Organization: Let's Encrypt
Country: US

This certificate has expire since

Certificate Details

Serial Number (hex): 04:d6:86:3d:ae:f7:cc:91:28:c6:6b:78:ce:85:97:15:f9:d9
Serial Number (int): 421448007078437304724328416982572685720025
Serial Number lenght: 139 bits, 18 octets

SubjectKeyId: 9e:b8:c6:e8:92:28:c1:e5:dd:b9:0b:56:8a:4f:72:a7:73:40:aa:3c
AuthorityKeyId: a8:4a:6a:63:04:7d:dd:ba:e6:d1:39:b7:a6:45:65:ef:f3:a8:ec:a1

Fingerprint (sha1): 40:28:1b:3f:51:f4:66:d2:62:92:93:36:d5:30:d1:2b:d5:a0:aa:60
Fingerprint (sha256): 50:5c:c1:5d:aa:13:b1:7e:d4:7d:7e:e3:5b:b7:8c:b9:7c:b2:fb:21:0c:81:b2:90:93:f0:fd:a0:36:20:6f:09

Issuing Certificate URL: http://cert.int-x3.letsencrypt.org/

Revocation information

OCSP Server: http://ocsp.int-x3.letsencrypt.org

Check the revocation status for certificate verduregrigliate.com

1

DNS Names

0

Email Addresses

0

IP Addresses

Advanced Certificate Properties

Tehnical certificate details for verduregrigliate.com

Public Key Algorithm

RSA

Key Size

4096

Signature Algorithm

SHA256 with RSA

Key Usage

Digital Signature
Key Encipherment

Extended Key Usages

Server Authentication
Client Authentication

Extensions

9 extensions
No unhandled critical extensions

CA Certificate

This is not a CA certificate

Subject Alternative Names

verduregrigliate.com

Other certificates including the domain name verduregrigliate.com

(limited to 100 certificates)

Certificate

The complete raw certificate details for verduregrigliate.com in PEM and ASN.1 format.

Certificate (PEM)

-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
MIIGXzCCBUegAwIBAgISBNaGPa73zJEoxmt4zoWXFfnZMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBCwUA
MEoxCzAJBgNVBAYTAlVTMRYwFAYDVQQKEw1MZXQncyBFbmNyeXB0MSMwIQYDVQQD
ExpMZXQncyBFbmNyeXB0IEF1dGhvcml0eSBYMzAeFw0xOTEyMDQwNjMwMjdaFw0y
MDAzMDMwNjMwMjdaMB8xHTAbBgNVBAMTFHZlcmR1cmVncmlnbGlhdGUuY29tMIIC
IjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAAOCAg8AMIICCgKCAgEA32cDqBcedNo+e/Ffe/pzGxII
Pyc+MVbu/kO2hjU8TJFXyTqbwDEBioF4v4bu5KGqIPJK1B2F3UN0MkKKUggNT9H/
ciuwQ3Y7ggoh8dCcIbbwHYtbuq+VMfUCCI3S9dzKD+Id3Psfwq9Z3dPqIyLw93lC
ldGMdR2FDOV33VMQ7LSD+rUl0H+6DX8JKSQS4mZojrjqHTtdaXM0O/hgkqOfqVGv
GS0Mk+OKWBh1cQ8rQi8pDbqYyESe3Nffl2jyp1D6rlBCHZY7wxIABNPJ8mEGI1dM
hS7YvvylYxp8HpYdDX2vDFrj0ylGGvW8GSvw/mz2Oa1yKvlcX7/5H/N4d0gyMGZU
LOmhtQNvnYjSd8gxn3d1xvM3YW0THDhiqMPuIl15NoajGJfVVKwny4/NT4Q7HByG
I7D4FiGWJTRrssIuDkJfEKCJTO2y0PaIRv0LnrZk+acH1bBq9WPA/pTUpivBeiVM
rh8aFrXReCdirSKHiU1hYajGFsaTZsUOuTmFwsZex0MvJJqrTilPW/6zkFDwwjoe
RIZYjTXOn/MYwfrogjtzHUvBUH6pvTZjUoQEdNjqmlC1Hf7/EreWXCmG6XPcpS9J
QhXNwq0+MdlQtm31YXonlW9o0CKPq9XM8AksvfRdC4NVcSNNfjCNwgcZEf/C3K5S
9geXzxUkf8dr7bITU50CAwEAAaOCAmgwggJkMA4GA1UdDwEB/wQEAwIFoDAdBgNV
HSUEFjAUBggrBgEFBQcDAQYIKwYBBQUHAwIwDAYDVR0TAQH/BAIwADAdBgNVHQ4E
FgQUnrjG6JIoweXduQtWik9yp3NAqjwwHwYDVR0jBBgwFoAUqEpqYwR93brm0Tm3
pkVl7/Oo7KEwbwYIKwYBBQUHAQEEYzBhMC4GCCsGAQUFBzABhiJodHRwOi8vb2Nz
cC5pbnQteDMubGV0c2VuY3J5cHQub3JnMC8GCCsGAQUFBzAChiNodHRwOi8vY2Vy
dC5pbnQteDMubGV0c2VuY3J5cHQub3JnLzAfBgNVHREEGDAWghR2ZXJkdXJlZ3Jp
Z2xpYXRlLmNvbTBMBgNVHSAERTBDMAgGBmeBDAECATA3BgsrBgEEAYLfEwEBATAo
MCYGCCsGAQUFBwIBFhpodHRwOi8vY3BzLmxldHNlbmNyeXB0Lm9yZzCCAQMGCisG
AQQB1nkCBAIEgfQEgfEA7wB2AF6nc/nfVsDntTZIfdBJ4DJ6kZoMhKESEoQYdZaB
cUVYAAABbs/RQikAAAQDAEcwRQIgCvW6ro7ONFiKJwX+iBJRCpvylEaYvX/QJVg7
gxydBzQCIQC0K8G7F6gw3RgtB+ZlEbXSd4QYbmox5zheCV58D/Np/gB1ALIeBcyL
os2KIE6HZvkruYolIGdr2vpw57JJUy3vi5BeAAABbs/RQhoAAAQDAEYwRAIgQrC5
heza1Uy3z9Sf3Y5YnPuzl7fmXQBD2s2uXuaTCYwCIA3o5y96egqGRSAid9Evw8C8
5yFaxeWnZEcpbWQu72WHMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBCwUAA4IBAQANYtha3zRStnNiqBCt
I0HsHLsUKnlUVKewjFV7oC2h0CYxwtIgMPAAhM6sKWOtc+VXt0/HdnE7o9LlnUW1
xDVarJU3bq26ClOq/wx5e/QfD+gZ1cwPC9KX+8p2viqOJSnj3rGqxnvoiHzMzY4R
/fSd30zdrZSXpA75byu/Hj163gkAfvbqoPK2Pow4bGy0W25sxDEbDf8rd83+XuyR
R4+hPjHt5FkhCQIgaXKdZ1fzVVwWSZbWag1/VWQFi1Vit9RxyBo56tc77DNZL0gP
FPDf1uBV5JNOzrYfQZg1nDmh0QzvIUpyXlgePnV4sPh86KsRaIDbOD1iKhgrg4dT
rVg7
-----END CERTIFICATE-----

Public Key (PEM)

-----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----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-----END PUBLIC KEY-----

ASN.1 decoded

 [c:0|t:16|true] SEQUENCE, SEQUENCE OF 
 . . . . [c:0|t:16|true] SEQUENCE, SEQUENCE OF 
 . . . . . . . . [c:2|t:0|true] OtherName 
 . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:2|false] INTEGER 2
 . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:2|false] INTEGER 421448007078437304724328416982572685720025
 . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:16|true] SEQUENCE, SEQUENCE OF 
 . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:6|false] OBJECT IDENTIFIER 1.2.840.113549.1.1.11 (sha256WithRSAEncryption)
 . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:5|false] NULL 
 . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:16|true] SEQUENCE, SEQUENCE OF 
 . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:17|true] SET, SET OF 
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:16|true] SEQUENCE, SEQUENCE OF 
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:6|false] OBJECT IDENTIFIER 2.5.4.6 (countryName)
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:19|false] PrintableString 'US'
 . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:17|true] SET, SET OF 
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:16|true] SEQUENCE, SEQUENCE OF 
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:6|false] OBJECT IDENTIFIER 2.5.4.10 (organizationName)
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:19|false] PrintableString 'Let's Encrypt'
 . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:17|true] SET, SET OF 
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:16|true] SEQUENCE, SEQUENCE OF 
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:6|false] OBJECT IDENTIFIER 2.5.4.3 (commonName)
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:19|false] PrintableString 'Let's Encrypt Authority X3'
 . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:16|true] SEQUENCE, SEQUENCE OF 
 . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:23|false] UTCTime 2019-12-04 06:30:27 +0000 UTC
 . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:23|false] UTCTime 2020-03-03 06:30:27 +0000 UTC
 . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:16|true] SEQUENCE, SEQUENCE OF 
 . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:17|true] SET, SET OF 
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:16|true] SEQUENCE, SEQUENCE OF 
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:6|false] OBJECT IDENTIFIER 2.5.4.3 (commonName)
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:19|false] PrintableString 'verduregrigliate.com'
 . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:16|true] SEQUENCE, SEQUENCE OF 
 . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:16|true] SEQUENCE, SEQUENCE OF 
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:6|false] OBJECT IDENTIFIER 1.2.840.113549.1.1.1 (rsaEncryption)
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:5|false] NULL 
 . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:3|false] BIT STRING (4208 bits)
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:16|true] SEQUENCE, SEQUENCE OF 
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:2|false] INTEGER 911402274086569130335139706692817625001377512833832018211407968535500578821845712573994968393868152319340636968302004423440193492340946343105211618645034765560939204624663681010775701123792373241626136548511057368043085464524761094054118711720302234307492273683699933703729701325556468685660707198750050818251728192565524878992237965398923162268899609251607847528863345372993124596112809895777344070779734899024911787597494639196982024929683037473044461116380732544114252226013022599515306965390307683216986665459711020876346895414105353711476073567599257068654596039455584073486308149156226403876555254240462849638511178713235199617167617926713319038529679477760136787012733729857587793005795083056288240325577860935409358314817849653244992744637927511540809555580340079301286697705912885380175332718139244278879662223963284687559259851388254916739376802986302432817409876505494596690101750513699960245582296242009147869245078977542724715389383607613432457730748402970266073724361733956211831569769206243371400632048014611203370390439450952819296893100572397807885632578879465628852650279457860990354716203236189158253573186097059683047325595901106300206179499948417610659216533988556158899873460750012719905392103225494457579426717
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:2|false] INTEGER 65537

 . . . . . . . . [c:2|t:3|true] ORAddress 
 . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:16|true] SEQUENCE, SEQUENCE OF 
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:16|true] SEQUENCE, SEQUENCE OF 
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:6|false] OBJECT IDENTIFIER 2.5.29.15 (keyUsage)
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:1|false] BOOLEAN true
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:4|false] OCTET STRING (4 bytes)
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:3|false] BIT STRING (3 bits)
							05a0
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:16|true] SEQUENCE, SEQUENCE OF 
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:6|false] OBJECT IDENTIFIER 2.5.29.37 (extKeyUsage)
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:4|false] OCTET STRING (22 bytes)
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:16|true] SEQUENCE, SEQUENCE OF 
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:6|false] OBJECT IDENTIFIER 1.3.6.1.5.5.7.3.1 (serverAuth)
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:6|false] OBJECT IDENTIFIER 1.3.6.1.5.5.7.3.2 (clientAuth)
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:16|true] SEQUENCE, SEQUENCE OF 
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:6|false] OBJECT IDENTIFIER 2.5.29.19 (basicConstraints)
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:1|false] BOOLEAN true
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:4|false] OCTET STRING (2 bytes)
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:16|true] SEQUENCE, SEQUENCE OF 
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:16|true] SEQUENCE, SEQUENCE OF 
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:6|false] OBJECT IDENTIFIER 2.5.29.14 (subjectKeyIdentifier)
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:4|false] OCTET STRING (22 bytes)
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:4|false] OCTET STRING (20 bytes)
							9eb8c6e89228c1e5ddb90b568a4f72a77340aa3c
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:16|true] SEQUENCE, SEQUENCE OF 
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:6|false] OBJECT IDENTIFIER 2.5.29.35 (authorityKeyIdentifier)
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:4|false] OCTET STRING (24 bytes)
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:16|true] SEQUENCE, SEQUENCE OF 
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:2|t:0|false] OtherName a84a6a63047dddbae6d139b7a64565eff3a8eca1
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:16|true] SEQUENCE, SEQUENCE OF 
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:6|false] OBJECT IDENTIFIER 1.3.6.1.5.5.7.1.1 (authorityInfoAccess)
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:4|false] OCTET STRING (99 bytes)
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:16|true] SEQUENCE, SEQUENCE OF 
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:16|true] SEQUENCE, SEQUENCE OF 
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:6|false] OBJECT IDENTIFIER 1.3.6.1.5.5.7.48.1 (ocsp)
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:2|t:6|false] IA5String 'http://ocsp.int-x3.letsencrypt.org'
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:16|true] SEQUENCE, SEQUENCE OF 
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:6|false] OBJECT IDENTIFIER 1.3.6.1.5.5.7.48.2 (caIssuers)
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:2|t:6|false] IA5String 'http://cert.int-x3.letsencrypt.org/'
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:16|true] SEQUENCE, SEQUENCE OF 
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:6|false] OBJECT IDENTIFIER 2.5.29.17 (subjectAltName)
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:4|false] OCTET STRING (24 bytes)
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:16|true] SEQUENCE, SEQUENCE OF 
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:2|t:2|false] IA5String 'verduregrigliate.com'
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:16|true] SEQUENCE, SEQUENCE OF 
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:6|false] OBJECT IDENTIFIER 2.5.29.32 (certificatePolicies)
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:4|false] OCTET STRING (69 bytes)
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:16|true] SEQUENCE, SEQUENCE OF 
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:16|true] SEQUENCE, SEQUENCE OF 
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:6|false] OBJECT IDENTIFIER 2.23.140.1.2.1 (Domain Validation Certificates Policy)
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:16|true] SEQUENCE, SEQUENCE OF 
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:6|false] OBJECT IDENTIFIER 1.3.6.1.4.1.44947.1.1.1
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:16|true] SEQUENCE, SEQUENCE OF 
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:16|true] SEQUENCE, SEQUENCE OF 
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:6|false] OBJECT IDENTIFIER 1.3.6.1.5.5.7.2.1 (cps)
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:22|false] IA5String 'http://cps.letsencrypt.org'
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:16|true] SEQUENCE, SEQUENCE OF 
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:6|false] OBJECT IDENTIFIER 1.3.6.1.4.1.11129.2.4.2
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:4|false] OCTET STRING (244 bytes)
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:4|false] OCTET STRING (241 bytes)
							00ef0076005ea773f9df56c0e7b536487dd049e0327a919a0c84a1121284187596817145580000016ecfd14229000004030047304502200af5baae8ece34588a2705fe8812510a9bf2944698bd7fd025583b831c9d0734022100b42bc1bb17a830dd182d07e66511b5d27784186e6a31e7385e095e7c0ff369fe007500b21e05cc8ba2cd8a204e8766f92bb98a2520676bdafa70e7b249532def8b905e0000016ecfd1421a0000040300463044022042b0b985ecdad54cb7cfd49fdd8e589cfbb397b7e65d0043dacdae5ee693098c02200de8e72f7a7a0a8645202277d12fc3c0bce7215ac5e5a76447296d642eef6587
 . . . . [c:0|t:16|true] SEQUENCE, SEQUENCE OF 
 . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:6|false] OBJECT IDENTIFIER 1.2.840.113549.1.1.11 (sha256WithRSAEncryption)
 . . . . . . . . [c:0|t:5|false] NULL 
 . . . . [c:0|t:3|false] BIT STRING (2048 bits)
		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